If Cancer Can’t Survive In An Alkaline Environment, Why Don’t We Use That As A Treatment?

If no disease, including cancer, can survive in an alkaline environment, then why aren’t doctors using this method to heal their patients? originally appeared on Quora: the place to gain and share knowledge, empowering people to learn from others and better understand the world.

Answer by Mike Condron, M.D. Medicine, Meharry Medical College, on Quora: If no disease, including cancer, can survive in an alkaline environment, then why aren’t doctors using this method to heal their patients?

This is a great question.

First of all, let’s be clear about this: human blood is in fact “alkaline”. Our blood pH is very (and I mean VERY) tightly regulated to be almost exactly 7.4 (maybe 7.35, but let’s use 7.4 so I don’t have to type more), which is in fact slightly alkaline. There are multiple systems in place to keep our blood pH at or very near this level.

So, right away, the premise of the question is off: Lots of diseases—or actually, all human diseases, can survive just fine in an alkaline environment, since our blood is alkaline. But it is also true that if you make the environment alkaline enough, nothing can survive. You could pour, say, lye (sodium hydroxide, with a pH of about 13), onto tumor cells in a laboratory dish, or bacteria, or yeast, and you would kill them in an instant.

But is this a useful therapeutic method? If your blood were infused with sodium hydroxide you would be dead long before it got to a pH of 13. I don’t think experiments have been done to test exactly what blood pH is lethal, but I can assure you it is nowhere near 13. Probably about 7.8.

We cannot survive with a blood pH much different from 7.40. The “normal” range is 7.35 to 7.45. Any significant deviation will cause major problems, and is in fact a sign of major derangements of the systems that are designed to keep our blood pH in that range. There are buffers in the blood that chemically limit the pH, and then there are mechanisms in both the lungs and the kidneys to change the way acidity (which is just hydrogen ions) is managed, just to keep the blood pH in that range.

A deviation to either more acidic or more alkaline will cause severe physiologic disturbances, like enzymes not working properly, chemical reactions in cells not working right, and so on. That is the reason we have evolved so many multi-layered backup systems and emergency plans to keep our blood pH in that range.

The question does not say what kind of range of alkalinity is being considered as a treatment for diseases, but we are already slightly alkaline, and we cannot survive any deviation from the very precise level of alkalinity that we need. So, one major idea here is that you can kill a tumor, or micro-organism, or whatever else may be causing a disease, by putting it in a sufficiently alkaline environment.

But you can do the same with acidity — pouring hydrochloric acid on tumor cells in a laboratory dish will kill them too. You can also do the same with heat—nothing can survive being heated to 250 F (about 120 C). We would kill all cancers, infections, and every other disease known, by heating them to that temperature. That works great in a laboratory test dish, but we can’t subject living patients to such a treatment, obviously, just like we can’t infuse lye or hydrochloric acid into patients’ blood to kill their cancer.

You can kill cancer by depriving it of oxygen, too…but that is also not a useful treatment, because it would also kill the patient. Same for glucose — cancer cells need glucose (although some bacteria could maybe make it from things they can absorb from your body, perhaps) but your body’s cells need glucose too, so inducing a hypoglycemic state is not a useful treatment for cancer. You could make the same argument for vitamins and minerals, since cancer cells (and micro-organisms) need them too.

So, to summarize before I go on: We are alkaline to begin with, so the idea that an alkaline environment is bad for diseases is simply wrong. Making the body more alkaline will kill the patient. Lots of other things can kill cancer or other diseases, but they will all kill the patient, too, like acidity, or heat, or deprivation of oxygen, or glucose, etc.

Now let me turn to a different perspective on this question. I have a feeling — and forgive me if I am jumping to conclusions here but I have a feeling that this question is about one of the latest trends in marketing … “alkaline” water, and “alkaline” diets. I described earlier that our blood pH is very (and I emphasized VERY) tightly regulated. One part of that is that there is almost nothing you can eat or drink that will affect your pH. Certainly not the “alkaline water” that is being sold everywhere now.

Think about this. It’s true that pure water is at a pH of 7.0, which is neutral. But does that really matter? We eat fruits, most of which are acidic. Are we saying that fruits are bad? Or what about meat? It has a pH, like most tissues, around the same as our body, so why drink alkaline water, when you can just eat meat? Does the idea that the pH of our food affects our blood pH even make sense? No, it does not.

Bear in mind that the acidity of our stomach is impressive — the cells lining the stomach secrete acid with a pH of around 1. That is somewhere between vinegar and battery acid. And that is regardless of what you eat. So if you eat or drink something slightly alkaline (say, 7.5 or 8.0) it will be immediately overwhelmed by the gastric acid, and what enters your duodenum (the first part of the small intestine after your stomach) is going to be at the pH of your gastric secretions, more or less. Maybe around pH 3 or 4.

Is a slightly alkaline water going to stand a chance against the wildly acidic environment of the stomach? Then bear in mind this: Immediately after the stomach contents goes into the duodenum, it is met with a huge load of bicarbonate ions secreted by the pancreas, which immediately neutralizes any acidity. And this all happens before anything is actually absorbed into the body.

Another aspect of this is the concept of “alkaline foods”. This is an unfortunate misunderstanding of an almost irrelevant idea from old food physiology research, which looked at the pH not of foods, but of the ash left over after foods were burned. The vague idea that burning something and looking at the residue left over applied to our physiology of digestion has led to the concept that certain foods are “acidic” and others are “alkaline”.

This was not the intent of the original research, but for some reason has been taken on by alternative medicine as a way of directing dietary choices, and then there was the birth of alkaline water. Wikipedia has a good article on this: Alkaline diet – Wikipedia…And now let me take a more general perspective on this question. It is in a broad category of questions: “I read somewhere [or heard, or saw in an advertisement] that doing X will cure diseases. So why don’t doctors do X?”

The answer to that is: Because X does not work in the real world, and X is being sold to people, hoping that the customer is too ignorant to know better. I know what I am about to say implies something that you have not stated, but maybe I can speak to others reading this answer who might think this: Please, if you read about something that someone is selling, and they are trying to say doctors are keeping a miracle cure from you, don’t believe them.

I am glad you asked this question, and I hope this answer gives some insight into why we don’t treat cancer or any other disease with alkalinity… or any other non-scientific method.

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Source: If Cancer Can’t Survive In An Alkaline Environment, Why Don’t We Use That As A Treatment?

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PFAS Forever Chemicals Linked To Liver Cancer In First of Its Kind Study

New research has reported a link between elevated blood levels of perfluooctane sulfate (PFOS) and increased risk of liver cancer. The study is the first to directly associate exposure from this “forever chemical” to liver cancer in humans.There are thousands of different chemicals under the umbrella of per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances, or PFAS. These substances are often informally referred to as “forever chemicals” because they can persist in the environment for decades.

For much of the 20th century PFAS chemicals were used in a broad variety of manufacturing contexts. However, over the past 20 years an increasing body of evidence has revealed exposure to PFAS can contribute to a number of deleterious health effects, from low birth weight to hypothyroidism.

Following on from animal and lab-based studies suggesting PFAS exposure is potentially damaging to liver cells, this new research offers the first robust investigation into the relationship between the chemicals and liver cancer in humans.

The power of this new research is in its leveraging of data from a multi-decade health study following more than 200,000 people since the early 1990s. This allowed the researchers to look at historic blood levels of PFAS in subjects years before they presented with cancer.“Part of the reason there has been few human studies is because you need the right samples,” explained Veronica Wendy Setiawan, an author on the new study. “When you are looking at an environmental exposure, you need samples from well before a diagnosis because it takes time for cancer to develop.”

Several types of PFAS were found in blood samples from subjects who ultimately went on to develop liver cancer. But one particular chemical stood out, perfluooctane sulfate (also known as PFOS). Those subjects with the highest blood levels of PFOS were 4.5 times more likely to develop liver cancer compared to the group with the lowest PFOS blood levels.

The study also homed in on some potential mechanisms by which PFOS exposure could be causing liver cancer. Four particular metabolites were found to link PFOS levels with liver cancer: “glucose, butyric acid (a short chain fatty acid), α-Ketoisovaleric acid (a branched-chain α-keto acid), and 7α-Hydroxy-3-oxo-4-cholestenoate (a bile acid).”

“We believe our work is providing important insights into the long-term health effects that these chemicals have on human health, especially with respect to how they can damage normal liver function,” explained lead researcher on the project Leda Chatzi. “This study fills an important gap in our understanding of the true consequences of exposure to these chemicals.”

The new findings come just days after another study found levels of PFAS in rainwater often exceed new safety limits set by the Environmental Protection Authority (EPA). That research called for a global phase-out of PFAS from all manufacturing contexts as soon as possible. An expert committee formed by the United Nations to review persistent pollutants in 2019 also called for the elimination of all use of PFAS chemicals to, “protect human health and the environment from its harmful impacts.”

Source: PFAS “forever chemicals” linked to liver cancer in first-of-its-kind study

Related contents:

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Ad of the Day: UV-sensitive poster helps public see the light on skin cancer The Drum

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Findings About Dostarlimab, A New Antibody Drug, Very Encouraging, Says Expert In Cancer Treatment

Representational image. Image Credit: Kidney Research UK

According to New York Times, in a small clinical trial, 18 patients took a drug called Dostarlimab for around six months, and in the end, every one of them saw their tumours disappear. The findings concerning dostarlimab, an antibody drug, in experimental treatment of rectal cancer patients is very encouraging but there is need for long-term studies to understand the real impact, an expert in cancer treatment has said.

“This new trial at MSKCC in a small number of patients, with locally advanced rectal cancer patients who had MMR (MisMatch repair) deficiency, have shown total disappearance of tumour without any additional treatment in all 100 percent of them. This is very encouraging but we must note that long term studies are required to understand the real impact,” Dr. (Col.) R. Ranga Rao, Chairman, Oncology, of Paras Hospitals in Gurugram said.

“The drug is still investigational and the trial is limited to patients of a specific type , that constitute about 4 to 5 per cent of rectal cancers. While this is highly encouraging, we must not prematurely jump to conclusions that we have found a cure for all cancers, all stages, and no chemotherapy, surgery is ever required,” he added.

He said it is well recognized that Immunotherapy with PDL 1 blockers in MMRd patients is effective. “Already immunotherapy has made a big difference in the field of cancer of all types. Several earlier trials have shown encouraging responses,” Dr Rao said.

In what appears to be a miracle and ‘first time in history’, a small clinical trial has found that every single rectal cancer patient who received an experimental treatment found that their cancer had vanished.

According to New York Times, in the small clinical trial conducted by Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, 18 patients took a drug called Dostarlimab for around six months, and in the end, every one of them saw their tumours disappear. Dr Luis A. Diaz J. of New York’s Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center (MSKCC) said this was “the first time this has happened in the history of cancer”.

According to experts, Dostarlimab is a drug with laboratory-produced molecules and it acts as substitute antibodies in the human body. The cancer is undetectable by physical exam; endoscopy; positron emission tomography or PET scans or MRI scans, added Experts. This proves that Dostarlimab can be a ‘potential’ cure for one of the most deadly common cancers.

According to New York Times, patients involved in the clinical trial earlier underwent treatments such as chemotherapy, radiation, and invasive surgery that could result in bowel, urinary, and even sexual dysfunction. The 18 patients went into the trial expecting to have to go through these procedures as the next step. However, to their surprise, no further treatment was needed.

The findings of this trial have shocked experts and they have pointed out that complete remission in every single patient is “unheard-of”. Dr Alan P. Venook, who is a colorectal cancer specialist at the University of California, said that the complete remission in every single patient is “unheard-of”. He hailed the research as a “world-first”. Experts stated that the research was impressive as not all of the patients suffered significant complications from the drug trial.

Critics:

Tesaro, a biotech company based out of Massachusetts developed the drug. Tesaro was acquired by GlaxoSmithKline in 2019, dostarlimab is also known by the brand name Jemparli. Dostarlimab was developed to treat women with recurrent or advanced endometrial cancer.

On August 17, 2021, the FDA approved dostarlimab-gxly (brand name Jemperli) for adult patients with mismatch repair-deficient recurrent or advanced solid tumours, as determined by an FDA-approved test, that have progressed on or following prior treatment and who have no satisfactory alternative treatment options.

Rectal cancer remission

According to reports, 18 patients in the clinical trial took Dostarlimab for around six months and after over 12 months the doctors found that their cancer disappeared. While it’s a small trial so far, the results have been impressive; they were published in The New England Journal of Medicine and featured at the nation’s largest gathering of clinical oncologists in June 2022.

In every case, rectal cancer disappeared after immunotherapy — without the need for the standard treatments of radiation, surgery, or chemotherapy — and cancer has not returned in any of the patients, who have been cancer-free for up to two years.

It’s incredibly rewarding to get these happy tears and happy emails from the patients in this study who finish treatment and realise, ‘Oh my God, I get to keep all my normal body functions that I feared I might lose to radiation or surgery,’ expressed Dr Andrea Cercek, Medical Oncologist, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center (MSK).

Dr Cercek added, “The most exciting part of this is that every single one of our patients has only needed immunotherapy. We haven’t radiated anybody, and we haven’t put anybody through surgery.” She continued, “They have preserved normal bowel function, bladder function, sexual function, fertility. Women have their uterus and ovaries. It’s remarkable.”

This clinical trial could pave the way for treating other forms of cancer in the future. As the trial continues at MSK, Dr Luis Alberto Diaz, Medical Oncologist, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center (MSK) said, “It’s the tip of the iceberg.” He explains, “We are investigating if this same method may help other cancers where the treatments are often life-altering and tumours can be MMRd. We are currently enrolling patients with gastric (stomach), prostate, and pancreatic cancers.”

Dostarlimab clinical trial reception by the Indian medical community

Since the trial results have been published, it has created a lot of buzz and has got the entire medical community discussing how it could pave the path for future treatment for various cancers, ETHealthWorld spoke to few experts on the drug trial. Commenting on the trial, “It is definitely a big step towards efficient cancer care. The preliminary data on Dostarlimab PD1 monotherapy has been very encouraging in high-risk rectal cancer patients and has been recently presented at the ASCO meeting in Chicago and subsequently published in NEJM.

We would definitely need further studies on larger groups of patients across the globe to establish it as a standard of care for rectal cancer. Trials are also being conducted to study its effectiveness for cervical cancer, and endometrial cancer amongst others,” said Dr Pankaj Kumar Panda, Senior Research Officer, Apollo Proton Cancer Centre.

Source: Findings about Dostarlimab, a new antibody drug, very encouraging, says expert in cancer treatment

More contents:

New therapies reduce breast cancer treatment time by 70-90 per cent, say experts The New Indian Express

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00:42 Thu, 27 Octpigenetic field defects in progression to cancer” Etiologic field effect: reappraisal of the field effect concept in cancer predisposition and progression”.pigenetic modifications in cancer”.

Epigenetics Offer New Horizons for Colorectal Cancer Prevention”. Epigenetics and colorectal cancer”.DNA Methylation in Cancer and Aging”Mutator pathways unleashed by epigenetic silencing in human cancer”. “Epigenetic field defects in progression to cancer”

“Colorectal Cancer”Genetic and epigenetic biomarkers for diagnosis, prognosis and treatment of colorectal cancer”.The consensus molecular subtypes of colorectal cancer”.“Colorectal Cancer”Colon, Rectosigmoid, and Rectum Equivalent Terms and Definitions C180-C189, C199, C209,

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3 Things To Ask Your Doctor About Breast Cancer Treatment

As far as illnesses go, breast cancer is a relatively common one: 13 percent of women in the United States will develop breast cancer over their lifetime, according to the National Cancer Institute. That works out to one in eight women, so if you know more than eight women, odds are you probably know someone who has had or will be diagnosed with breast cancer in the future.

And if you’re trying to understand your risk of developing breast cancer or if you or a loved one are facing a diagnosis, that means one thing: You probably have questions for a doctor.

To help you assemble your list, we asked Virginia Kaklamani, MD, leader of the Breast Cancer Program at UT Health San Antonio MD Anderson Cancer Center, for her advice on what to ask. According to Dr. Kaklamani, there are a few important things to keep in mind as you’re crafting your questions, such as your family history, lifestyle risk factors, and available treatment options.

On the treatment front, Dr. Kaklamani says one of the misconceptions she hears most often is that breast cancer treatment always involves chemotherapy and is very toxic. In response, she reminds people how far treatment options—and the tools we have to determine which treatment may work best for each individual person—have come in the past 20 years.

Case in point: Just last year, a landmark study published in The New England Journal of Medicine showed that, thanks to a genomic test called the Oncotype DX Breast Recurrence Score® test, even more patients with a common type of early-stage breast cancer may be spared chemotherapy than previously thought, including those who are traditionally considered higher-risk due to their cancer spreading to at least one lymph node.

That means more treatment plans tailored to each individual patient, and less of a chance of overprescribing chemo to those who may not benefit from it.

Learning something already? With education in mind, we asked Dr. Kaklamani to share her insights on questions you should ask your doctor about breast cancer—whether you’re trying to stay on top of your health, or you’re exploring your breast cancer treatment options.

What role does race play in breast cancer?

There are many factors that contribute to breast cancer risk, including age, family history, alcohol consumption, obesity, and race. White women are most likely to develop breast cancer, Dr. Kaklamani says, though Black women are more likely to die from it (40 percent more likely, according to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention).

Studies have shown that Black women have a higher risk of being diagnosed with later stages of disease,” Dr. Kaklamani says. “So instead of coming in with stage one or stage two, they might come in with stage two or three or even stage four breast cancer. It’s been very hard to understand why.

Most of the data suggests that it’s related both to the type of breast cancer that they get (because they get more triple negative breast cancer—that’s more aggressive, so we tend to find it later), but also to socioeconomic factors.”

By asking your doctor to discuss the connections between race and breast cancer with you, you’ll be able to more openly advocate for yourself and properly assess your personal risk factors.

What types of tests are available to provide insight about a breast cancer treatment plan?

If you have breast cancer, you should definitely ask your doctor for a thorough rundown on your treatment options, Dr. Kaklamani says, starting with the types of tests available to help craft your individual treatment plan.

Genomic tests—like the Oncotype DX® test—look at the specific genes in a tumor to see whether they are over- or under-active. For people diagnosed with early-stage invasive breast cancer (HR-positive and HER2-negative with or without involvement of the lymph nodes), the Oncotype DX Breast Recurrence Score® result tells patients and their doctors not only how aggressive their cancer is and the risk of it returning, but more importantly, whether chemotherapy might be a beneficial treatment option or if it can be safely omitted, Dr. Kaklamani says.

“The good thing about the [result that you get from the Oncotype® test] is that it’s specific to the woman that we are testing,” she says. “All of these clinical trials that we’ve done have included thousands and thousands of women, [but] none of those women are present in my office when I talk to that specific person about their breast cancer. [Each test result] represents that woman’s breast cancer.”

Personalized is obviously better when it comes to something as delicate as cancer treatment (you wouldn’t take someone else’s prescription medicine, would you?), so asking your doctor about genomic testing can help ensure you’re getting a treatment plan that’s properly tailored to your needs.

Should I be doing a self breast exam?

In 2015, the American Cancer Society stopped recommending that people perform their own breast exams, but that doesn’t mean you’re off the hook for keeping tabs on your breast health, Dr. Kaklamani says.

“The guidelines are very clear that there has to be what they call ‘breast self awareness,'” she says. “This is extremely important to be aware of what your breasts look like, and if you do notice something that has changed, that you see your physician immediately.”

Dr. Kaklmani notes that one study showed that nurses who were taught how to properly perform self breast exams were able to accurately detect their breast cancer—demonstrating that if people are properly trained, self breast exams can be effective. That training should fall on gynecologists and primary care physicians, she says, so ask yours for instructions during your next visit.

By: Dr. Kaklamani Paid consultant for Exact Sciences Corporation.

Source: 3 Things To Ask Your Doctor About Breast Cancer Treatment | Well+Good

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Stool Tests Might Help Spot Early Pancreatic Cancer

Stool tests might provide a useful way to help doctors spot early pancreatic cancer, say researchers.

They have been trialling the concept in a study with 136 volunteers.

The findings, described in the journal Gut, suggest detectable changes involving gut bugs could provide a warning sign that a tumour is present.

Pancreatic cancer often doesn’t cause symptoms in the early stages. That means it is usually more advanced and harder to treat when it is found.

As the cancer grows it may cause vague symptoms, such as indigestion, changes to bowel habit and some tummy or back pain. Some people see their GP several times before being diagnosed.

Currently, fewer than one in 20 of those with the most common form – ductal adenocarcinoma – will survive for five years or more. Earlier detection could improve those odds.

The Spanish team behind the work recruited patients from two hospitals – one in Madrid and the other in Barcelona. Only some of the patients had pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma, while the others were selected as controls for comparison.

The researchers collected and analysed spit and stool samples from the volunteers to see if there was any discernible difference between the groups.

While the saliva samples drew a blank, the stool ones did show a difference that the team believe could be useful for helping to diagnose pancreatic cancer.

It was a distinct pattern or genomic profile of gut bacteria, fungi and other microbes.

This consistently identified patients with the disease, irrespective of how far it had progressed, suggesting that characteristic microbiome signatures emerge early on and that the stool microbiome might pick up early stage disease, say the researchers.

They recommend more studies – and some are already taking place.

Independent researchers in Germany have validated the findings in a small number of patients, and the test is also being trialled in Japan.

Source: Stool tests might help spot early pancreatic cancer – BBC News

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Critics: By: Samuel Lovett

Stool samples could soon be analyzed to help detect pancreatic cancer after scientists identified microorganisms that appear to place individuals at greater risk of developing the illness. In a study of 136 people, scientists found that 27 different microbes were abundant in the stool samples of those diagnosed with the most common form of pancreatic cancer.

This “microbial profile” consistently identified patients with the disease, irrespective of how far it had progressed, raising hope that a new screening test could be developed to diagnose pancreatic cancer.

Pancreatic cancer is deadly and can be very difficult to treat, with only around one in four people surviving one year or more after diagnosis. Dr Helen Rippon, chief executive of Worldwide Cancer Research, which helped fund the study, said: “This new breakthrough builds on the growing evidence that the microbiome – the collection of microorganisms that live side by side with the cells inside our body – is linked to the development of cancer.

References

“Can pancreatic cancer be prevented?”. American Cancer Society. 11 June 2014. Archived from the original on 13 November 2014. Retrieved 13 November 2014.

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