How The Shift To Adult Learning Is Changing Business

Business people learning about new project..getty

Every business is built on its human resources. Those humans have experienced unprecedented change since 2020 and, with them, the companies they work for.

Many employers are paying more, increasing benefits and adding flexibility to once-rigid scheduling to attract and retain the best talent. Meanwhile, economic uncertainties are causing other companies to rein in costs until they can ride it out. In this tug-of-war, it’s tough to anticipate which approaches can help a business move ahead of its competitors.

It’s not sound strategy to achieve growth by grinding employees down to a nub. Instead, companies should focus on building their employees themselves so they, in turn, can grow the business. Adult learning may be the perfect way to achieve this.

The shift toward helping employees bloom where they are planted is once again changing business as usual. And companies that make that shift accordingly will benefit. Here are a few reasons why you don’t want to miss out.

Adult Learning Lifts Everyone

You have probably heard the Doctor Seuss passage: “The more you read, the more things you shall know. The more that you learn, the more places you shall go.” The value of lifelong learning is virtually indisputable. But it’s no longer just about learning more on the job or reading or traveling more. It’s about adult education.

The “adult” adjective is significant here, and not just because those learning are over the age of majority. It’s used because working adults face a lot more barriers during the learning process. There is the transition back to education, the cost of it, the time needed to devote to it, and all the normal distractions of full-time jobs, kids and—maybe—a social life.

Employers have the perfect opportunity to remove some of those barriers for employees who want to further their education. If employers take advantage of it, they can grow their own talent to right-fit changing needs within their companies.

The vast majority of employees agree that access to professional development opportunities is vital. If granted access, they’re also more likely to continue working for the employer that invested in them.

Retention, engagement, job satisfaction and productivity all rise when employers actively encourage adult education. In that scenario, everyone gets to go places.

Adult Learning Is a Piece of the HR Strategy Puzzle

Automation spurred by the development of artificial intelligence and machine learning is also changing the face of business. Long-term HR strategies must consider the impact it will have on a company’s workforce. The pegs and the holes are morphing simultaneously.

It’s an almost overwhelming proposition for HR managers. They’re looking at the employee roster and seeing how many people may be made redundant by technology. At the same time, they’re looking at novel positions being created by that technology and wondering where they’ll find the talent to fill them. Adult education should be a piece of this puzzle.

Automation potential in emerging technology will change everything from sales and marketing to customer service and fulfillment. In fact, it’s already altering roles and accelerating the changes daily. Company leadership needs to peer down the road and plan accordingly.

Consider those employees whose roles will be replaced by automation. Provide the educational opportunities they need to move into newly created roles or to handle future roles the latest technological advances will demand. A savvy reskilling strategy is a great way to retain a company’s best and brightest.

Taking the long view will also transform other HR functions, such as creating job postings, recruiting, hiring and onboarding. Of course, technology has challenged the status quo since the invention of the wheel. Adult education will help companies meet the challenges today’s tech developments pose.

Adult Learning Promotes Diversity

The pandemic, social unrest and sharp political divides have prompted companies to confront their diversity demons. Diversity, equity and inclusion have reshaped everything from board and C-suite agendas to the exit interview. No one said altering hundreds of years of collective corporate histories would be easy.

Most companies continue to struggle with reaching the DE&I goals they have set. In fact, many have made little headway at all. And if they manage to get diversity right, they can’t seem to follow through with the equity and inclusion bits.

Creating a diverse workforce requires a sea change in multiple business practices, from the writing of job descriptions to eliminating recruiter bias. Adult learning shouldn’t be overlooked as a potential path to achieving even the most ambitious diversity goals. And it can do so on two key fronts.

First, adult education on diversity issues for leadership and HR can alter entrenched perspectives from the top down. Second, companies can offer educational opportunities to current team members. Employees of certain races, social backgrounds, genders and sexual orientations may have lacked some of the educational opportunities of their white, male, cisgendered colleagues. Adult learning can narrow that gap. And once these diverse employees are on the job, continuing education can keep more of them advancing within the company.

Using adult education as a tool for creating a truly diverse, equitable and inclusive workforce is shrewd. It makes companies less reliant on market forces and more self-reliant. They’re creating their own success from within, rather than paying lip service to DE&I goals.

Making the Shift

Education can be the key to success in business. Employees know that, and they’re often enthusiastic about furthering theirs to advance their careers. Companies need to embrace and support those employees.

So many forces are changing how business is done these days. Adult learning is an easy and profitable one that will take employees and employers to the head of the class.

John Hall is a top motivational speaker and the co-founder of Calendar, a scheduling and time management app.

Source: How The Shift To Adult Learning Is Changing Business

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Why Remote Working Isn’t Always The Answer For Employees With Disabilities

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The legacy of a more widespread acceptance of remote working practices initially triggered by the Covid-19 pandemic represents an undoubted boon for employees with disabilities.

In fact, research published late last year by the Economic Innovation Group suggested a clear correlation between increased trends towards remote working and people with disabilities being 3.5% more likely to be employed in Q2 2022 than pre-pandemic.

Many of the potential factors driving this are self-evident.Working from home naturally strips away a number of important access barriers associated with regular office-based employment.

These can include having to navigate to work using inaccessible public transportation systems, which can be physically and psychologically draining — whilst the office building itself may not be wholly accessible and optimized for employees with disabilities.

That’s not to mention the human factors that come into play once somebody is through the door. These might involve discriminatory attitudes from management and co-workers which, in physical shared workspaces in particular, play out against the intensified interpersonal backdrops commonly associated with office politics.

This might go some of the way to explaining why, in research recently published in the U.K. by Instant Offices (a world-leading provider of procured office space), only 55% of disabled workers said that they believe they receive recognition from management in contrast to 67% of non-disabled employees.

Another surprising statistic to emerge from the research was that, while 26% of respondents with disabilities said that their mental health improved as a result of working from home, a further 30% reported that it had declined.

Additionally, 34% of respondents complained of lacking the proper office equipment at home and 9% said that they struggled to use online meeting platforms. Perhaps, most tellingly, 60% of respondents said that, when working from home, they missed social interactions with co-workers.

This is noteworthy as it’s important to remember that people with disabilities are far more likely to face social isolation than their non-disabled peers. This isn’t as simple as just being physically present and surrounded by others.

Communicating and working directly alongside other people can, over a sustained period, at least for the open-minded, go a tremendous way to breaking down certain negative perceptions and stereotypes associated with disability.

Not only, through in-person office work, can employees with disabilities demonstrate their on-the-job talents more directly, but their simple humanity too – be that over a quick catch-up on last night’s ball game or poking fun along with everyone else at corporate idiosyncrasies.

Of course, working from home carries with it clear efficiencies, particularly in relation to types of work that require less collaborative interaction. For this reason, 40% of respondents said that they experience less fatigue when working from home.

Nonetheless, important aspects of human contact can be lost and the only instance in which this is an outright advantage is when it applies to a work environment that is already toxic.

Best of both worlds

Given these nuances, employers should not rush to rash assumptions in believing that they are doing staff with disabilities a favor by offering them work patterns involving 100% remote work.

Instead, employees with disabilities need to be included in the post-pandemic trend towards hybrid working – presenting staff members with the opportunity of enjoying the best of both worlds.

It may well be that employees with disabilities lean in to remote working more than their non-disabled colleagues but they should be enabled to play an active role in determining how their working week is divided up between home and office.

Moreover, the modern trend towards remote working should never be used as an excuse to make office spaces less physically accessible and welcoming to employees of all backgrounds.

The more open, robust and flexible hybrid work arrangements are – the more the workforce as a whole can benefit in the long run.

Source: Why Remote Working Isn’t Always The Answer For Employees With Disabilities

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Related contents:

“Perspectives on the Meaning of “Disability””. AMA Journal of Ethics. 18 (10): 1025–1033. doi:10.1001/journalofethics.2016.18.10.pfor2-1610. ISSN 2376-6980. PMID 27780027.

Resolution / adopted by the General Assembly, A/RES/61/106. UN General Assembly, Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities. 24 January 2007. [accessed 27 December 2020]Moore, Michael (January 2015).

“Religious Attitudes toward the Disabled (2015)”. infidels.org. The Secular Web. Archived from the original on May 4, 2020. Retrieved April 30, 2020.Brown, Robin (1994). Florida’s First People: 12,000 Years of Human History. p. 25. ISBN 1-56164-032-8.Milanich, Jerald T. (1994). Archaeology of Precolumbian Florida. p. 75. ISBN 0-8130-1273-2.Kağnici, Gökhan (December 28, 2018).

Insights from Sumerian Mythology: The Myth of Enki And Ninmaḫ and the History of Disability”. Tarih İncelemeleri Dergisi. 33 (2): 429–450. doi:10.18513/egetid.502714. ISSN 0257-4152. S2CID 165868664.Loebl, W Y; Nunn, J F (August 1997).

Staffs as Walking Aids in Ancient Egypt and Palestine”. Journal of the Royal Society of Medicine. 90 (8): 450–454. doi:10.1177/014107689709000811. ISSN 0141-0768. PMC 1296463. PMID 9307002.Sneed, Debby (August 2020).

The architecture of access: ramps at ancient Greek healing sanctuaries”. Antiquity. 94 (376): 1015–1029. doi:10.15184/aqy.2020.123. ISSN 0003-598X.Geggel, Laura (July 22, 2020).

Ancient Greeks may have built ‘disability ramps’ on some temples”. LiveScience. Archived from the original on July 29, 2020. Retrieved August 7, 2020.Samama, Evelyne (2016). Disability in Antiquity. Routledge. ISBN 9781315625287.

“Disability Studies: Foundations & Key Concepts”. JSTOR Daily. Retrieved October 8, 2022.Nikora et al. 2004, p. 5.Donovan 2012, p. 12.Russell 2019, p. 4.“76 FR 16977”. federalregister.gov. 2011. Archived from the original on August 22, 2016. Retrieved January 9, 2019.Cherney, James L. (July 15, 2021).

1 The Rhetorical Dimensions of Ableism”. Ableist Rhetoric. Penn State University Press. pp. 1–25. doi:10.1515/9780271085296-002. ISBN 978-0-271-08529-6. S2CID 242299440.

“Disability Social History Project – Timeline”. Disabilityhistory.org. Archived from the original on September 1, 2017. Retrieved August 11, 2012.Cooper, Rory A; Hisaichi Ohnabe; Douglas A. Hobson (2006). An Introduction to Rehabilitation Engineering. CRC Press. p. 131. ISBN 978-1-4200-1249-1.Dragon Naturally Speaking Archived April 8, 2015, at the Wayback MachineSobh, Tarek (2007).

Innovations and Advanced Techniques in Computer and Information Sciences and Engineering. Springer. p. 176. ISBN 978-1-4020-6268-1.“Web Accessibility Initiative (WAI)”. W3.org. Archived from the original on September 4, 2008. Retrieved January 29, 2013.

Web Content Accessibility Guidelines (WCAG) 2.0″. W3.org. Archived from the original on February 18, 2011. Retrieved January 29, 2013.Nikora et al. 2004, pp. 6–7.arker, Christopher J.; May, Andrew; Mitchell, Val; Burrows, Alison (2015).

Capturing Volunteered Information for Inclusive Service Design: Potential Benefits and Challenges”. The Design Journal. 16 (11): 197–218. doi:10.2752/175630613X13584367984947. S2CID 110716823. Archived from the original on May 10, 2022. Retrieved January 8, 2019.Garden R (2010).

Disability and narrative: new directions for medicine and the medical humanities”. Med. Humanit. 36 (2): 70–74. doi:10.1136/jmh.2010.004143. PMID 21393285.Mallon, Ron (2014). Zalta, Edward N. (ed.).

Naturalistic Approaches to Social Construction (Winter 2014 ed.). Archived from the original on March 18, 2019. Retrieved February 23, 2016.

International organisations report on disability”. Disabled Persons Assembly New Zealand. August 2011. Archived from the original on February 5, 2013. Retrieved March 6, 2013.Kaplan, Deborah. “Disability Model”. World Institute on Disability. Archived from the original on April 25, 2012. Retrieved October 30, 2011.

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Earth Is Suddenly Spinning Faster. Why Our Planet Just Recorded Its Shortest Day Since Records Began

Our planet set a record for completing one rotation faster than scientists had ever previously recorded, according to TimeAndDate.com. Earth rotated once around its axis on Wednesday, June 29, in 1.59 milliseconds less than 24 hours.Hang on! Earth takes exactly 24 hours to rotate once on its axis, right? Almost, yes, but not exactly.

What about the ‘leap seconds?’

Until a few years ago it had been thought that Earth’s rotation was slowing down after several successive measurements by atomic clocks since 1973.

The International Earth Rotation and Reference Systems Service (IERS) had even begun adding leap seconds every now and again to make up for the slower spin (it last happened on December 31, 2016).

Over a longer time period that may still be the case—Earth’s rotation may, in general, still be slowing down.After all, the Moon is gradually slowing down the Earth’s rotation. Its gravitational pull causes tides and makes the Earth’s orbital path around the Sun slightly elliptical.

How fast is Earth rotating?

However, in the last few years the atomic clocks have shown that Earth rotation is now speeding up. In fact, we could be beginning a 50 year period of shorter days.

In 2020 scientists recorded the 28 shortest days since 1960. Last year that trend did not continue, with the shortest day in 2021 being longer than in the previous year.

However, on June 29, 2022 our planet completed its quickest-ever spin, followed quickly by a day that lasted 1.50 milliseconds less on July 26, 2022.The previous record for the shortest rotation was July 19, 2020, when the Earth’s rotation took 1.4602 milliseconds less than 24 hours.

Why is Earth speeding up?

The cause of the differing speed of Earth’s spin is unknown, but theories abound:

  • The melting of the glaciers means less weight on the poles
  • Motions of our planet’s inner molten core
  • Seismic activity
  • The “Chandler wobble”—the movement of Earth’s geographical poles across its surface

Why Earth’s rotational speed is important

Earth’s quickening rotation has consequences because atomic clocks—which are used in GPS satellites—don’t take into account the Earth’s changing rotation.

If Earth spins faster then it gets to the same position a little earlier. A half-a-millisecond equates to 10-inches or 26 centimetres at the equator. In short, GPS satellites—which already have to be corrected for the effect of Einstein’s general relativity theory (the curve of space and time)—are quickly going to become useless.

There are also potentially confusing consequences for smartphones, computers and communications systems, which synchronize with Network Time Protocol (NTP) servers. It’s defined as the number of seconds since 00:00:00 UTC on January 1, 1970.

To solve all this international timekeepers may need to add a negative leap second— a “drop second.” Though Earth may already be spinning as quickly as it ever will, with a slowdown inevitable.Only time will tell. Wishing you clear skies and wide eyes.

I’m an experienced science, technology and travel journalist and stargazer writing about exploring the night sky, solar and lunar eclipses,

Source: Earth Is Suddenly Spinning Faster. Why Our Planet Just Recorded Its Shortest Day Since Records Began

Critics by Kate Golembiewski

Our solar system formed about 4.5 billion years ago, when a dense cloud of interstellar dust and gas collapsed in on itself and began to spin. There are vestiges of this original movement in our planet’s current rotation, thanks to angular momentum — essentially, “the tendency of the body that’s rotating, to carry on rotating until something actively tries to stop it,” explains Peter Whibberley, a senior research scientist at the UK’s National Physical Laboratory.

Thanks to that angular momentum, our planet has been spinning for billions of years and we experience night and day. But it hasn’t always spun at the same rate.

Hundreds of millions of years ago, Earth made about 420 rotations in the time it took to orbit the Sun; we can see evidence of how each year was jam-packed with extra days by examining the growth lines on fossil corals. Although days have gradually grown longer over time (in part because of how the moon pulls at Earth’s oceans, which slows us down a bit), during humanity’s watch, we’ve been holding steady at about 24 hours for a full rotation — which translates to about 365 rotations per trip ’round the Sun.

As scientists have improved at observing Earth’s rotation and keeping track of time, however, they’ve realized that we experience little fluctuations in how long it takes to make a full rotation.

A new way to track time

In the 1950s, scientists developed atomic clocks that kept time based on how electrons in cesium atoms fall from a high-energy, excited state back to their normal ones. Since atomic clocks’ periods are generated by this unchanging atomic behavior, they don’t get thrown off by external changes like temperature shifts the way that traditional clocks can.

Over the years, though, scientists spotted a problem: The unimpeachably steady atomic clocks were shifting slightly from the time that the rest of the world kept.

“As time goes on, there is a gradual divergence between the time of atomic clocks and the time measured by astronomy, that is, by the position of Earth or the moon and stars,” says Judah Levine, a physicist in the time and frequency division of the National Institute of Standards and Technology. Basically, a year as recorded by atomic clocks was a bit faster than that same year calculated from Earth’s movement. “In order to keep that divergence from getting too big, in 1972, the decision was made to periodically add leap seconds to atomic clocks,” Levine says.

Leap seconds work a little like the leap days that we tack on to the end of February every four years to make up for the fact that it really takes around 365.25 days for Earth to orbit the Sun. But unlike leap years, which come steadily every four years, leap seconds are unpredictable. 

The International Earth Rotation and Reference Systems Service keeps tabs on how quickly the planet spins by sending laser beams to satellites to measure their movement, along with other techniques. When the time plotted by Earth’s movement approaches one second out of sync with the time measured by atomic clocks, scientists around the world coordinate to stop atomic clocks for exactly one second, at 11:59:59 pm on June 30 or December 31, to allow astronomical clocks to catch up. Voila — a leap second.

Since the first leap second was added in 1972, scientists have added leap seconds every few years. They’re added irregularly because Earth’s rotation is erratic, with intermittent periods of speeding up and slowing down that interrupt the planet’s millions-of-years-long gradual slowdown.

“The rotation rate of Earth is a complicated business. It has to do with exchange of angular momentum between Earth and the atmosphere and the effects of the ocean and the effect of the moon,” Levine says. “You’re not able to predict what’s going to happen very far in the future.” 

But in the past decade or so, Earth’s rotational slowdown has … well, slowed down. There hasn’t been a leap second added since 2016, and our planet is currently spinning faster than it has in half a century. Scientists aren’t sure why.

“This lack of the need for leap seconds was not predicted,” Levine says. “The assumption was, in fact, that Earth would continue to slow down and leap seconds would continue to be needed. And so this effect, this result, is very surprising.” 

Depending on how much Earth’s rotations speed up and how long that trend continues, scientists might have to take action. “There is this concern at the moment that if Earth’s rotation rate increases further that we might need to have what’s called a negative leap second,” Whibberley says. “In other words, instead of inserting an extra second to allow Earth to catch up, we have to take out a second from the atomic timescale to bring it back into state with Earth.”

But a negative leap second would present scientists with a whole new set of challenges. “There’s never been a negative leap second before and the concern is that software that would have to handle that has never been tested operationally before,” Whibberley adds.

Whether a regular leap second or a negative leap second is called for, in fact, these tiny changes can be a massive headache for industries ranging from telecommunications to navigation systems. That’s because leap seconds meddle with time in a way that computers aren’t prepared to handle.

“The primary backbone of the internet is that time is continuous,” Levine says. When there’s not a steady, continuous feed of information, things fall apart. Repeating a second or skipping over it trips up the whole system and can cause gaps in what’s supposed to be a steady stream of data. Leap seconds also present a challenge for the financial industry, where each transaction must have its own unique time stamp — a potential problem when that 23:59:59 second repeats itself.

Some companies have sought out their own solutions to leap seconds, like the Google smear. Instead of stopping the clock to let Earth catch up with atomic time, Google makes each second a tiny bit longer on a leap second day. “That’s a way of doing it,” Levine says, “but that doesn’t agree with the international standard for how time is defined.”

Time as a tool

In the grand scheme of things, though, we’re talking about very tiny amounts of time — just one second every couple of years. You’ve lived through plenty of leap seconds and probably weren’t even aware of them. And if we view time as a tool to measure things we see in the world around us, like the transition from one day to the next, then there’s an argument to be made for following the time set by the movement of Earth rather than the electrons in an atomic clock — no matter how precise they might be.

Levine says he thinks that leap seconds might not be worth the trouble they cause: “My private opinion is that the cure is worse than the disease.” If we stopped adjusting our clocks to account for leap seconds, it could take a century to get even a minute off from the “true” time recorded by atomic clocks.

Still, he concedes that while it’s true that time is just a construct, a decidedly human attempt to make sense of our experiences in a big, weird universe, “it’s also true that you have the idea that at 12 o’clock noon, the Sun is overhead. And so you, although you don’t think about it often, do have a link to astronomical time.” Leap seconds are just a tiny, nearly invisible way of keeping that link alive.

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What We Know About Why Some People Never Get Covid 19

Americans who haven’t had covid-19 are now officially in the minority. A study published this week from the US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) found that 58% of randomly selected blood samples from adults contained antibodies indicating that they had previously been infected with the virus; among children, that rate was 75%.

What is different about that minority of people that hasn’t yet gotten infected? Stories abound of close calls, of situations where people are sure they could have (or should have) gotten sick, but somehow dodged infection. Not all the questions are answered yet, but the question of what distinguishes the never-covid cohort is a growing area of research even as the US moves “out of the full-blown” pandemic. Here are the possibilities that scientists are considering to explain why some people haven’t contracted the virus.

They behave differently

We’ve seen it play out time and time again—some people adhere more strictly to protocols known to reduce transmission of the virus, including wearing a mask and getting vaccinated. Some people avoid large public settings and may have even been doing so before the pandemic, says Nicholas Pullen, a biology professor at the University of Northern Colorado. Then again, that doesn’t tell the whole story; as Pullen himself notes: “Ironically, I happen to be one of those ‘never COVIDers’ and I teach in huge classrooms!”

They’ve trained their immune systems

The immune system, as any immunologist or allergist can tell you, is complicated. Though vaccination against covid-19 can make symptoms more mild for some people, it can prevent others from contracting the illness altogether.

Growing evidence suggests that there may be other ways that people are protected against the virus even without specific vaccines against it. Some could have previously been infected with other coronaviruses, which may allow their immune systems to remember and fight similarly shaped viruses. Another study suggests that strong defenses in the innate immune system, barriers and other processes that prevent pathogens from infecting a person’s body, may also prevent infection.

An innate immune system that’s already not functioning as well due to other medical conditions or lifestyle factors such as sleep or diet may put a person at higher risk of getting sick from a pathogen. There’s not single answer here yet, but initial studies are intriguing and may offer avenues for future treatments for covid-19 and other conditions.

They’re genetically different

In the past, studies have found interesting associations between certain genetic variants and people’s susceptibility to communicable diseases such as HIV, tuberculosis, and the flu. Naturally, researchers wondered if such a variant could exist for covid-19. One June 2021 study that was not peer reviewed found an association between a genetic variant and lower risk of contracting covid-19; another large-scale study, focused on couples in which one person got sick while the other didn’t, kicked off in Oct. 2021.

“My speculation is that something will be borne out there, because it has been well observed that resistance embedded in genetic variation is selected in pandemics,” Pullen says. But most experts suspect that even if they are able to identify such a variant with some certainty, it’s likely to be rare. For now, it’s best for those who haven’t gotten covid to assume they’re as susceptible as anyone else. Whatever the reasons some people haven’t yet gotten sick, the best defense remains staying up to date with vaccinations and avoiding contact with the virus.

Source: What we know about why some people never get covid-19 — Quartz

“Being exposed to the SARS-CoV-2 virus doesn’t always result in infection, and we’ve been keen to understand why,” study author Rhia Kundu said in a statement, using the scientific name for the coronavirus. “We found that high levels of pre-existing T cells, created by the body when infected with other human coronaviruses like the common cold, can protect against COVID-19 infection.”

The study, which examined 52 people who lived with someone who contracted the coronavirus, found that those who didn’t get infected had significantly higher levels of T cells from previous common cold coronavirus infections. T cells are part of the immune system and believed to protect the body from infection. “Our study provides the clearest evidence to date that T cells induced by common cold coronaviruses play a protective role against SARS-CoV-2 infection,” study author Ajit Lalvani said in a statement.

Researchers cautioned that the findings should not be relied upon as a protection strategy. “While this is an important discovery, it is only one form of protection, and I would stress that no one should rely on this alone,” Kundu said. “Instead, the best way to protect yourself against COVID-19 is to be fully vaccinated, including getting your booster dose.” And the findings on the subject have been inconsistent, with other studies actually suggesting that previous infection with some coronaviruses have the opposite effect.

A major question that has come from the so-called ‘never COVID’ group is whether genetics plays a role in preventing infection. In fact, the question has spurred a team of international researchers to look for people who are genetically resistant to COVID-19 in the hopes that their findings could improve therapeutics. “What we are doing essentially is that we are testing the hypothesis that some people might not be able to get infected because of their genetic and inborn makeup, meaning that they might be genetically resistant to COVID,” says Spaan, who is a member of the COVID Human Genetic Effort.

The effort has sequenced genetic data from about 700 individuals so far, but enrollment is ongoing and researchers have received thousands of inquiries, according to Spaan. The study has several criteria, including laboratory test confirmation that the person has not had previous COVID-19 infection, intense exposure to the virus without access to personal protective equipment like masks and an unvaccinated status at the time of exposure, among others. So far, the group doesn’t know what the genetic difference could be – or if it even exists at all, though they believe it does.

“We do not know how frequent it is actually occurring,” Spaan says. “Is it like a super rare individual with a very, very rare mutation? Or is that something more common?” But the hypothesis is “embedded in human history,” according to Spaan. “COVID is not quite the first pandemic that we are dealing with,” Spaan says. “Humans have been exposed to viruses and other pathogens across time from the early beginning, and these infections have left an imprint on our genetic makeup.”

Those who haven’t gotten the coronavirus are “very much at risk,” says Murphy of Northwestern University. “I think every unvaccinated person is going to get it before this is over.” Experts stressed that research to determine why some people get COVID-19 while others don’t is still very much underway, and no one should rely on any of the hypotheses for protection. Instead, those who haven’t gotten the coronavirus should continue mitigation measures that have been proven to work, like vaccination and mask-wearing.

“You don’t ever want to have COVID,” Murphy says. “You just don’t know which people are going to get really sick from this and die or who’s going to get long COVID, which is hard to diagnose and difficult to treat and very real.” But with coronavirus cases on the rise and mitigation measures like mask mandates dropping left and right, it’s not an easy task.

COVID19: Face masks could return as cases spike Financial Mirror

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