Historically, when urban infrastructure expands, it’s to the detriment of the surrounding natural landscape. But that’s not always the case, and Crosswinds Marsh in Michigan’s Wayne County is proof. The area was farmland until the 1990s, when the expansion of the Detroit Metropolitan Airport destroyed adjacent protected wetlands. To mitigate this impact, they relocated endangered species from the expansion site a few miles south, restoring the natural wetlands that had existed there before the land was drained for agriculture. In the process, they created Crosswinds Marsh, one of the biggest self-sustaining wetlands mitigation projects in the United States……….Continue reading…
By Jess Simms
Source: Islands
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Critics:
Nature tourism is tourism based on the natural attractions of an area, including its flora and fauna. It can overlap with wildlife tourism, and adventure tourism, and includes ecotourism, which specifically focuses environmental education and environmental conservation. It includes tourism for stargazing purposes, and many other variants, for example cycling tourism and birdwatching tourism.
National parks has become closely associated with nature tourism. Nature tourism can have negative impacts on the environment, and practices exist for minimizing this. It can help promote conservation by making remaining natural areas more valuable to local communities and landowners.
Adventurous experiences create psychological arousal, which can be interpreted as negative (e.g. fear) or positive (e.g. flow). For some people, adventure becomes a major pursuit in and of itself. According to adventurer André Malraux, in his Man’s Fate (1933), “If a man is not ready to risk his life, where is his dignity?” Similarly, Helen Keller stated that “Life is either a daring adventure or nothing.”
Outdoor adventurous activities are typically undertaken for the purposes of recreation or excitement: examples are adventure racing and adventure tourism. Adventurous activities can also lead to gains in knowledge, such as those undertaken by explorers and pioneers – the British adventurer Jason Lewis, for example, uses adventures to draw global sustainability lessons from living within finite environmental constraints on expeditions to share with schoolchildren. Adventure education intentionally uses challenging experiences for learning.
Author Jon Levy suggests that an experience should meet several criteria to be considered an adventure:
- Be remarkable—that is, worth talking about
- Involve adversity or perceived risk
- Bring about personal growth.
Reasons for traveling include recreation, holidays, rejuvenation, tourism or vacationing, research travel, the gathering of information, visiting people, volunteer travel for charity, migration to begin life somewhere else, religious pilgrimages and mission trips, business travel, trade, commuting, obtaining health care, waging or fleeing war, for the enjoyment of traveling, or other reasons.
Travelers may use human-powered transport such as walking or bicycling; or vehicles, such as public transport, automobiles, trains, ferries, boats, cruise ships and airplanes. Travel may be local, regional, national (domestic) or international.
In some countries, non-local internal travel may require an internal passport, while international travel typically requires a passport and visa. Tours are a common type of travel. Examples of travel tours are expedition cruises, small group tours, and river cruises.
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