Tag: mental

(Unsplash: Matt Gross/ABC Everyday: Luke Tribe)

Broadly speaking, we can exert two different types of focus: hard and soft. Doing homework, checking over a spreadsheet, or crafting a pithy email all require hard focus. Being immersed in a beautiful natural environment, on the other hand, can stimulate our soft focus. You might acknowledge the rustling of the leaves, or pay attention to the bird life.

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Source: Is it better to do your exercise outdoors? – ABC Everyday

Critics:

The beneficial effect of exercise on the cardiovascular system is well documented. There is a direct correlation between physical inactivity and cardiovascular disease, and physical inactivity is an independent risk factor for the development of coronary artery disease. Low levels of physical exercise increase the risk of cardiovascular diseases mortality.

Children who participate in physical exercise experience greater loss of body fat and increased cardiovascular fitness. Studies have shown that academic stress in youth increases the risk of cardiovascular disease in later years; however, these risks can be greatly decreased with regular physical exercise.

There is a dose-response relationship between the amount of exercise performed from approximately 700–2000 kcal of energy expenditure per week and all-cause mortality and cardiovascular disease mortality in middle-aged and elderly men. The greatest potential for reduced mortality is seen in sedentary individuals who become moderately active.

Studies have shown that since heart disease is the leading cause of death in women, regular exercise in aging women leads to healthier cardiovascular profiles. Most beneficial effects of physical activity on cardiovascular disease mortality can be attained through moderate-intensity activity (40–60% of maximal oxygen uptake, depending on age).

Persons who modify their behavior after myocardial infarction to include regular exercise have improved rates of survival. Persons who remain sedentary have the highest risk for all-cause and cardiovascular disease mortality. According to the American Heart Association, exercise reduces the risk of cardiovascular diseases, including heart attack and stroke.

Some have suggested that increases in physical exercise might decrease healthcare costs, increase the rate of job attendance, as well as increase the amount of effort women put into their jobs.A number of medical reviews have indicated that exercise has a marked and persistent antidepressant effect in humans, an effect believed to be mediated through enhanced BDNF signaling in the brain.

Several systematic reviews have analyzed the potential for physical exercise in the treatment of depressive disorders. The 2013 Cochrane Collaboration review on physical exercise for depression noted that, based upon limited evidence, it is more effective than a control intervention and comparable to psychological or antidepressant drug therapies. Three subsequent 2014 systematic reviews that included the Cochrane review in their analysis concluded with similar findings:

One indicated that physical exercise is effective as an adjunct treatment (i.e., treatments that are used together) with antidepressant medication; the other two indicated that physical exercise has marked antidepressant effects and recommended the inclusion of physical activity as an adjunct treatment for mild–moderate depression and mental illness in general. One systematic review noted that yoga may be effective in alleviating symptoms of prenatal depression.

Another review asserted that evidence from clinical trials supports the efficacy of physical exercise as a treatment for depression over a 2–4 month period. These benefits have also been noted in old age, with a review conducted in 2019 finding that exercise is an effective treatment for clinically diagnosed depression in older adults.

Related contents:

• “7 great reasons why exercise matters”. Mayo Clinic. Retrieved 2 November 2018.
• Fitness for Foreigners”. Slate. Retrieved 5 December 2016.
• Exercise and mental health: many reasons to move”. Neuropsychobiology.
• Your Guide to Physical Activity and Your Heart” (PDF). U.S. Department of Health and Human Services.

• Optimal load for increasing muscle power during explosive resistance training in older adults”. The Journals of Gerontology. Series A, Biological Sciences and Medical Sciences.
• “What Is Fitness?” (PDF). The CrossFit Journal. October 2002. p. 4. Retrieved 12 September 2010.
• “Intra-arterial blood pressure response in hypertensive subjects during low- and high-intensity resistance exercise”.
• Physical Activity and Health”. United States Department of Health. Exercise, inflammation and aging”. Aging and Disease.
• Physical activity and risk of breast cancer, colon cancer, diabetes, ischemic heart disease, and ischemic stroke events: systematic review and dose-response meta-analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2013″. BMJ.
• Effect of physical inactivity on major non-communicable diseases worldwide: an analysis of burden of disease and life expectancy”. 
• School-based physical activity programs for promoting physical activity and fitness in children and adolescents aged 6 to 18″. The Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews.

• “Being active combats risk of functional problems”.
• Effectiveness of High-Intensity Interval Training (HIT) and Continuous Endurance Training for VO2max Improvements: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Controlled Trials” 
• Effect of Bodybuilding and Fitness Exercise on Physical Fitness Based on Deep Learning”. Emergency Medicine International
• Health benefits of physical activity: the evidence”. CMAJ.
• American Heart Association Recommendations for Physical Activity in Adults”. American Heart Association. 14 December 2017. Retrieved 5 May 2018.

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